Osteoporosis
Definition, causes and treatments
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that weakens the bones and makes them more likely to fracture. In this article, we explore in detail the meaning of osteoporosis, its medical definition, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment options available for this condition that mainly affects older adults.
Definition of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by a decrease in bone density and deterioration of bone structure. This makes the bones fragile and more likely to fracture, even during normal daily activities. Osteoporosis is often called “the silent disease” because it progresses without obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs.
Causes and risk factors
Several factors can contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Advanced age, female sex, menopause, low bone mineral density, low intake of calcium and vitamin D, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged use of corticosteroids and certain medical conditions are all risk factors.
Symptoms of osteoporosis
In the early stages, osteoporosis generally does not present any symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, fractures can occur, leading to pain, decreased height, stooped posture, weight loss and decreased mobility. The most common fractures associated with osteoporosis occur in the vertebrae, wrists and hips.
Diagnosis of osteoporosis
The diagnosis of osteoporosis is generally made using a bone density test called bone densitometry (DEXA scan). This test measures bone mineral density and allows the degree of bone fragility to be determined. Additional examinations, such as blood tests and X-rays, may also be performed to assess the underlying causes of osteoporosis.
Treatments and prevention of osteoporosis
The management of osteoporosis includes preventive measures and specific treatments. A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise, smoking cessation and moderation of alcohol consumption are essential to maintain healthy bones. In cases of confirmed osteoporosis, medications such as bisphosphonates, hormones and selective oestrogen receptor modulators may be prescribed to reduce bone loss and prevent fractures.
By understanding the meaning of osteoporosis, the risk factors, symptoms and treatment options available, it is possible to take preventive measures and effectively manage this chronic bone disease. Always consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and advice adapted to your individual situation.